This branch, equivalent to pediatrics, deals with prenatal and postnatal baby care as well as the care of a woman before and during pregnancy. It also covers various diseases of children and their treatment.
Attention to children and their health care have been bestowed upon ever since the earliest times. The religious texts like Grhyasastra and ayurvedic Samhitas describe the performance of jatakarma, etc in detail. AtharvaVeda and Kausikasutra mention grahas and krimis that are considered as the common cause for ailments. Kautilya mentions kaumarabhrtya in relation to care of pregnant women.
Acharya Kasyapa is considered to be the foremost authority in Kaumarabhrtya. Sushruta says that Kaumarabhrtya deals with management of the child purification of the breast milk, treatment of diseases caused by vitiated milk and grahas. Dalhana commenting on this adds that vitiated milk causes innate diseases while grahas produce exogenous disorders. Buddhists call this branch as Darakachikitsa. Kerala is a place where this branch had developed to that extent that some of its vernacular books mention poliomyelitis and its treatment.

Visha Chikitsa( Toxicology)

Graha Chikitsa( Psychiatry)

Rasayana Chikitsa( Rejuvenation therapy)

Salakya Chikitsa (ENT and eye diseases)

Vajeekarana Chikitsa(Aphrodisiac therapy)